Lesson Part 1 of 2 -- Marcelo avoids submission attacks while underneath a Sprawl in the Turtle-Position: Develop a sensitivity toward figuring out which of your opponent's available options he or she might take when you are defending on bottom; they may try to take your back, hit an Anaconda or D'Arce Choke, go for a Guillotine (Arm-In or Arm-Out, e.g. High-Elbow), or possibly take advantage of your gi and attempt a devastating Loop Choke (as pictured). Keep the elbow of your arm that is trapped inside of your opponent's lock close to your body. The more you extend it away, the greater the risk of getting caught in an arm-inside style finish. Also, don't help your opponent out by meeting them in the middle; if you are pressuring forward into them, they may use that force against you if they transition to take your back. Instead, retract yourself and shift your base away from your opponent's hips. Use your hands to grab your opponent's arm that is looped around your neck and circle yourself away from your opponent's opposite arm. If your opponent tries to spin around to your back, you have an opportunity to escape, reverse, recover, or sweep them with a Single-Leg attack. Grab their leg as they try to circle behind and pull yourself into a Half-Guard or come up with the leg for a take-down or sweep.